Public Policy Analysis - SARBANE OXLEY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Public Policy Analysis - SARBANE OXLEY - Essay ExampleOxley. Over the years, the practice has managed to establish a myriad of deadlines for its compliance. This act was adopted mainly to uplift the standards in corporate brass, analysis of securities and performance of audit work. According to Cohen, Dey & Lys (2007), before the macrocosm of this policy there were numerous Securities and Exchange Commission violations, gross lack of corporate quality control and ethical behavior in companies resulting in many corporate scandals and filing of criminal actions against corporations, shareholders, company directors, and finally company officers. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act came into effect in the wake of some of the nations enormous fiscal scandals. The Act is believed to commence most of the dramatic changes to the federal laws since 1930s. It further prescribes punishment for violators of the Act ranging from prison sentences to multimillion-dollar penalties. The main idea that the edi tors of this act had in mind was to protect investors by alter the accuracy and reliability of corporate disclosures made pursuant to the securities laws. Over the years, the government of the United States of America has adopted this policy and many security policies have been drafted in reference to this act. SOX applies to all public companies in the United States not excluding international companies that have registered equity or debt securities with the Securities and Exchange Commission and the accounting firms that provide auditing service to them. According to Bartlett and Richard the Sarbanes-Oxley Act has created new standards for corporate accountability and also new penalties for acts of incompliance. It has changed how corporate boards, executives and corporate auditors interact with each other. In addition, it also removes the ordinary excuse of claiming that one was not aware of a mistake when he or she made it on matters pertaining to finances. This mainly involve s the CEOs and CFOs, as it holds them accountable for the accuracy and errors of financial statements (DMPL). The Act specifies new financial reporting responsibilities and these include adhering to new internal controls and procedures formulated to ensure that financial records are valid. The Act makes it a federal offensive to for a company to force or manipulate an auditor into signing off incorrect financial statements thus preventing company directors and officers from obtaining personal benefits from dubious financial statements. Moreover, the Act stipulates that the board of directors in almost all public companies should have an audit committee. The committee is tasked to appoint, regulate, inspect and exercise control over the companys auditing firm. As result the auditors are to directly report to the audit committee. Rationale for public policy-Market failure This highlights how the concept of market failure applies to ethical corporate governance to give an insight in corporate ethics authenticity in the modern corporation and the probability of the Sarbanes-Oxley achieving its desired results. When large companies like Enron, WorldCom and Tyco just to agnomen a few were struck with enormous cases of corporate fraud, the necessity to find for an amicable solution was very vital. This is because millions of dollars were embezzled by the CEOs and CFOs through customized balance sheets. Companies incurred enormous loss of profits

Case study Preadmission and admission phase Essay

Case study Preadmission and admission phase - Essay ExampleFirstly, pre-admission observations, agency, and discharge plans were prepared and an informed consent obtained from the patient. As the patient was inefficient to read clearly, a signed consent was obtained from his son.Glimartin and Wrights (2007) review asserts the significance of nurses in day surgery activities related to pre-admission assessment, providing information and managing anxiety communication, pain management, accidental injury infection, nausea and other nursing care (cited by Timmins and McCabe, 2009). Pre-assessment began with assessment of high blood pressure, eyes, vital signs and general fitness of the patient a week prior to surgery. As per the infirmary policy, the patient was given instructions regarding admission time and fasting time on the previous day through phone call. As per doctors advice, the patient was asked to continue with his BP medication.At pre-admission, the eyes were tested in a dilated stage to rule out possibilities of other eye severities such as retinitis. As this procedure required small incision, anesthetist spoke to the patient regarding general anesthesia meant for the procedure considering his age and hypertension. Before that, patients vital signs including product line pressure and blood sugar were tested, which were found to be in the normal range. Also, a full blood count, chest X-ray and ECG were normal, and previous medical reports were thoroughly checked and verified with current findings. Considering his age, other commonly found medical problems such as diabetes, heart diseases, etc were ruled out.Every clinical procedure should be of high quality and highly effective, which should be practiced in a patient-centered way in partnership with both patient and family (Timmins & McCabe, 2009 p.40). Considering history of hypertension and the patients age, the entire procedure was conducted with constant monitoring of the pulse, BP,

Critical Paper 2A Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Critical Paper 2A - Essay ExampleBear in mind that in a lot of these cases the women are primary income earners, and in their quest for high-paying jobs they often rolling the dice with a heavy heart. A lot of the income earned by these women fuel the economies of their home countries to the tune of millions of dollars annually. The question is, have the effects of poverty effectively dehumanized the women living in developing countries? Let us take for granted a closer look at the situation of women in the Philippines, one of the worlds leading providers of woman migrant perishers because of the seething poverty that is rife in the country. (United Nations Development Fund for Women, 2008)Women in the Philippines are considered the backbone of its society, being a Roman Catholic country. period most men are unflurried the primary wage earners, a significant portion of women are the breadwinners of an increasingly large number of single-parent households. Now, the main point of contention here is that the Philippines is not incisively an equal opportunity employer. The majority of the well-paying jobs still go to the men, and women are oftentimes relegated to low-paying, menial work such as secretarial jobs or clerking posts. And thats if they choose to do it the honorable way. Rampant stories run abound about with nursing school graduates saddled with an unwanted pregnancy, and are then forced to work as prostitutes to support the child as the husband had abandoned her. The Philippines is a country seemingly built for infidelity, and the practice is as socially accepted as it can ever get.. Thus, women are often saddled with unwanted babies, and with no good-paying jobs to support them, are forced to turn to drastic measures. (Department of Social Welfare and Development, 2008)While not all women are keen on exploring prostitution as a living , the next best alternative is to look for jobs

Criminology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 8

Criminology - Essay Exampleerefore, the classical philosophers and other modern scholars of American criminology founded varied theories regarding the termination of crime as a affectionate phenomenon. Understanding criminology theories depend on the relationships made in formulating them and each system differ from one situation to another. Therefore, social learning theory is one of the criminology theories that explain the way people develop their behaviors through socialization. This theory arguesthatas social creatures, our behavior is a product of our environment, thus discretion social learning theory is imperative because it enables the policy makers to use effective strategies for combating crime issues in the society.Social learning theory is one of the criminology theories that attempt to address the issue of the social environment and the way it influences crimes of all sorts. Understanding social learning theory in criminology can be simple or complex, but this depe nds on the relationships made by social scientists in formulating theories (Akers 56). However, this theory is significant because it enables criminal investigators to understand the way crime are committed and what influences them. This is vital because it enables the policy makers to implement effective ways of controlling such crimes that result through learning from social environments. This can be through providing mass education programs to the public on the consequences of involving in crime activities and encouraging people in the society to serve as role models to others.Social learning theory controls the behaviors of an individual in the society. Therefore, understanding this theory is essential because it enables one to understand the study of criminology. Learning refers to the habit or knowledge gained as a result of experiences within the surrounding environment. It is debate to instinct, drives or genetic predispositions, thus enabling people to understand criminolo gy study (Furst 96). The

Internet Tools for Dirt Bikes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Internet Tools for Dirt Bikes - Essay ExampleSince Dirt Bikes already offers Internet approach shot to every employee who uses a desktop computer, it would be prudent to develop private network by utilizing the present network connections. Intranet would thus be a possible alternative. Other internet tools I would recommend for the company are Virtual Private Network (VPN) and Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP). The table down the stairs summarizes the benefits of the recommended internet tools (Bias 52) Internet toolsDepartmentBenefits Intranet Sales and Marketing Private Secure Protected by firewall Prevents unauthorized access of reading gentle access of information Improved sales through convenient tracking Higher productivity Reduced costsHuman ResourceExtra security easily-to-navigate environment Easy accessibility Access rights Interactive interface Less time spent on searching information Replaces cumbersome manuals Saves time and paperManufacturing and Production Easy consolidation of data from many sources Increased speed of access Intranet offers centralized manufacturing and publishing of data Fosters collaboration between manufacturing and other functional groups Easy naming of product problems Improved inventory control Easy implementation of design changes Reduced cost Enhanced productivity

HIV and AIDS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

HIV and aid - Essay ExamplePrior to the 1980s, checkup records have no exact number of the number of deaths resulting from the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. The sickness was relatively unknown so the signs and symptoms could not be easily diagnosed. at that place is uncertainty surrounding the origin of the virus. Scientists now claim that it has possible links with Africa (avert.org, n.d.).The first major report in the United States of America about aid came in the form of a report published by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in 1981. In the AIDS Public Information Data for 1981 2002 there is a report on the number of cases of the disease as it relates to the different states, location, demographics and HIV exposure group.In the early years of the disease there was a strong belief that it was only prevalent among homosexual males and the possibility of it being transferred to heterosexual partners was low. The July 3, 1981 publication of The New York Times said, Dr. Curran said that there was no presumable danger to non homosexuals from contagion. The best evidence against contagion, he said, is that no cases have been reported to date outside the homosexual community or in women.Dr. Curran served as Coordinator for the CDC taskforce on Kaposis Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections from 1981 to 1982. This belief, however, proved to be short-lived as there was evidence of the disease spreading to other groups towards the end of 1981. There were reports of the disease among those who had blood transfusions and the passing of the disease from mother to child was also recorded during this period. The disease was given the name Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome in 1982 (avert.org, n.d.).By serve of 1983 the CDC report included other population groups. According to the report (cdc.gov, 1983) persons who may be considered at increased risk of AIDS include those with symptoms and signs suggestive of AIDS sexual partners of

Strategic Position of McDonalds in the Fast Food Industry Essay

Strategic Position of McDonalds in the Fast Food Industry - Essay ExampleAccording to Derdak and Pederson, McDonalds Corporation is the lead story hamburger tight-food restaurant chain in the world. Maurice McDonald and Richard McDonald initially started the company in 1940 as a barbecue restaurant but Ray Kroc later brought it in 1995 Kroc was initially a franchise agent of the restaurant and he is the one who initiated the global expansion of the restaurant chain.According to Derdak and Pederson, McDonalds Corporation is the leading hamburger fast food restaurant chain in the world. Maurice McDonald and Richard McDonald initially started the company in 1940 as a barbecue restaurant but Ray Kroc later brought it in 1995 Kroc was initially a franchise agent of the restaurant and he is the one who initiated the global expansion of the restaurant chain. Presently the McDonalds Corporations has its own restaurants that it manages and there ar licensed franchisees and affiliates that operate under the corporations portfolio. Therefore, the net income of the company is attributed to sales from its own restaurants, licensing fees from franchisees, and royalties. The present headquarters of the corporation are in oak Brook, Illinois in the United States, and it has presence in over thirty four thousand locations across the world. Among the popular dishes served at the McDonalds restaurants include French fries, hamburger, Chicken, coffee, milk shakes, soft drinks, salads and desserts.